Proceedings of Asia-Pacific International Conference on Perovskite, Organic Photovoltaics and Optoelectronics (IPEROP27)
Publication date: 22nd October 2026
Hole transport materials (HTMs) play a crucial role in achieving high-performance perovskite solar cells (PSCs). In conventional doping processes, HTMs and dopants are directly mixed in solution, resulting in a mixture containing oxidized HTMs, residual dopants, and other species. Here, we propose a pre-doping strategy in which the oxidized HTM is prepared and isolated prior to formulation of the final HTM solution.
DHCF-3, a hole transport material originally developed by our group, was employed in this study. 4-Isopropyl-4'-methyldiphenyliodonium tetrakis(pentafluorophenyl)borate (iodonium-TPFB) was used as the dopant. DHCF-3 and iodonium-TPFB were dissolved in chlorobenzene at a molar ratio of 1:3 and irradiated with ultraviolet light to form oxidized DHCF-3, denoted as DHCF-3(TPFB)n. The oxidized DHCF-3 was subsequently isolated as a black powder. The isolated DHCF-3(TPFB)n was then mixed with pristine DHCF-3 at various ratios in chlorobenzene to prepare pre-doped HTM solutions with reduced impurity levels. This approach allows the proportion of oxidized HTM in the solution to be controlled by adjusting the mixing ratio of pristine DHCF-3 and DHCF-3(TPFB)n. PSCs fabricated using the pre-doped HTM solutions exhibited improved photovoltaic performance compared with devices prepared using the conventional doping method.
These results demonstrate that the separate preparation and isolation of oxidized HTMs, followed by controlled mixing with their pristine counterparts, provides an effective strategy for controlling the composition of doped HTM solutions. This pre-doping approach offers a promising route toward further improving the photovoltaic performance of perovskite solar cells.
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