Proceedings of Asia-Pacific International Conference on Perovskite, Organic Photovoltaics and Optoelectronics (IPEROP27)
Publication date: 22nd October 2026
Wide-bandgap (WBG) mixed-halide perovskite solar cells are promising candidates for the top subcells of tandem photovoltaic devices. However, their performance is often limited by significant open-circuit voltage (Voc) losses arising from defect-assisted non-radiative recombination and light-induced halide segregation.
Here, we introduce a Ge-containing additive into the precursor solution of mixed-halide perovskites with a bandgap of approximately 1.78 eV. The incorporation of this additive effectively improves film morphology and reduces electronic defects without significantly altering the perovskite crystal structure or optical bandgap. With an optimized additive concentration, the champion device achieves a power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 18.80%, compared with 18.00% for the control device, while the Voc increases from 1.235 to 1.303 V.
Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and atomic force microscopy (AFM) reveal improved film coverage, reduced pinhole formation, and decreased surface roughness. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) indicates interactions between the additive and lead species, accompanied by a reduction in metallic Pb⁰ within the perovskite film. Space-charge-limited current measurements further suggest a reduction in acceptor-type defect density. Consistently, the ideality factor decreases from 1.77 to 1.56, while the recombination resistance increases from 89.7 to 480 Ω, indicating suppressed non-radiative recombination. Furthermore, XPS depth profiling and photoluminescence measurements suggest improved halide compositional uniformity and reduced light-induced phase segregation.
These results demonstrate that incorporating a Ge-containing additive provides a promising strategy for regulating perovskite crystallization, mitigating defect-assisted recombination, and reducing voltage losses in WBG perovskite solar cells, offering opportunities for the development of high-performance perovskite tandem photovoltaics.
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