Co Self-assembled Monolayers for Slot-die-coated Perovskite Solar Cells and Modules

You-Ren Chen^a, Chia-Feng Li^a^,^b^,^c, Shih-Han Huang^c^,^d, Ming-Chia Chang^a, Feng-Yu Tsai^b, Yu-Ching Huang^a^,^c^,^e^,^f

^aDepartment of Materials Engineering, Ming Chi University of Technology, New Taipei City, 24301, Taiwan.

^bDepartment of Materials Science and Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan.

^cOrganic Electronics Research Center, Ming Chi University of Technology, New Taipei City 24301, Taiwan.

^dGeneral Education Center, Ming Chi University of Technology, New Taipei City 24301, Taiwan.

^eCenter for Sustainability and Energy Technologies, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan City, 33302, Taiwan.

^fCenter for Plasma and Thin Film Technologies, Ming Chi University of Technology, New Taipei City 24301, Taiwan.

Asia-Pacific International Conference on Perovskite, Organic Photovoltaics and Optoelectronics
Proceedings of Asia-Pacific International Conference on Perovskite, Organic Photovoltaics and Optoelectronics (IPEROP27)

Fukuoka, Japan, 2027 January 18th - 20th

Organizers: Zhanglin Guo and Tingli Ma

Poster, You-Ren Chen, 074
Publication date: 22nd October 2026

Perovskite solar cells (PSCs) have emerged as promising photovoltaic technology, yet achieving commercial viability hinges on resolving their long-term stability and fabrication reproducibility alongside high power conversion efficiency (PCE). Furthermore, inverted PSCs frequently suffer from efficiency loss and batch-to-batch variation when transitioning self-assembled monolayer (SAM) deposition from lab-scale spin-coating to scalable slot-die coating. In this study, devices with slot-die-coated MeO-2PACz exhibited a decreased average PCE of 15.63 ± 1.06% (compared to 16.91 ± 0.57% for the spin-coated) and a broader performance distribution. To resolve this interfacial inhomogeneity, we developed a binary co-assembled monolayer (Co-SAM) strategy. Modulating the Poly-2PACz to 4PABCz formulation to an optimal 3:7 mixing ratio substantially improved interfacial contact and carrier extraction. When used into fully slot-die coated 10 × 10 cm² minimodules, the champion device achieved a PCE of 14.01%, demonstrating that molecular co-assembly offers a practical pathway to slot-die coating defects in scalable perovskite photovoltaics.

Acknowledgements:

Financial supports provided by the National Science and Technology Council of Taiwan (Grant Nos. NSTC 112-2628-E-131-001-MY4, NSTC 114-2221-E-131-012-MY3, NSTC 115-2923-E-131-002-MY3, NSTC 115-2221-E-131-038-, NSTC 115-2622-E-131-016-, 115-2221-E-002 -053-, 115-2218-E-002 -002-,and NSTC 115-2640-E-002 -007-)

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Asia-Pacific International Conference on Perovskite, Organic Photovoltaics and Optoelectronics

The main topics of the Asia-Pacific International Conference on Perovskite, Organic Photovoltaics and Optoelectronics (IPEROP) are discussed every year in Asia-Pacific for gathering the recent advances in the fields of material preparation, modeling and fabrication of perovskite and hybrid and organic materials. Photovoltaic devices are analyzed from fundamental physics and materials properties to a broad set of applications. The conference also covers the developments of perovskite optoelectronics, including light-emitting diodes, lasers, optical devices, nanophotonics, nonlinear optical properties, colloidal nanostructures, photophysics and light-matter coupling.

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