Proceedings of Asia-Pacific International Conference on Perovskite, Organic Photovoltaics and Optoelectronics (IPEROP27)
Publication date: 22nd October 2026
Semi-transparent solar cells have emerged as a key technology for building-integrated photovoltaics (BIPV)—particularly in tandem devices—requiring a delicate balance between power conversion efficiency (PCE) and visible light transmittance (VLT). Among the various architectures, tandem configurations based on hydrogenated amorphous silicon (\(a\text{-Si:H}\)) represent a promising option, thanks to the ability to tune their bandgap and their excellent absorption properties. However, the overall performance of these tandem structures depends heavily on the effectiveness of the intermediate recombination layer (IRL), which must ensure efficient charge-carrier recombination while minimizing optical losses.
In this work, we design and investigate a new low-loss intermediate recombination layer based on a three-layer VOx/AZO/a-Si:H(n) structure, integrated into semi-transparent (a-Si:H) tandem solar cells. Vanadium oxide (VOx) acts as an efficient hole-selective layer, while aluminum-doped zinc oxide (AZO) provides excellent electrical conductivity and optical transparency. Combined with a thin electron-collecting a-Si:H(n) layer, this specifically engineered junction facilitates an efficient tunneling-based recombination mechanism between the top and bottom subcells.
The optoelectronic properties of the VOx/AZO/a-Si:H(n) structure were systematically optimized to minimize series resistance and suppress parasitic absorption in the green-to-blue spectral range. By precisely tuning the thickness and deposition parameters of each layer, the developed semi-transparent tandem devices exhibited a significant reduction in voltage losses at the intermediate junction. As a result, the optimized devices achieved a notable power conversion efficiency of 3.6%, while maintaining an average visible transmittance (AVT) of 15.3%.
These results demonstrate that the VOx/AZO/a-Si:H(n) configuration offers a robust and highly scalable strategy for enhancing the electrical performance of semi-transparent tandem solar cells without compromising their optical transparency. This opens new avenues for the development of highly efficient, building-integrated solar energy harvesting technologies.
