Proceedings of Asia-Pacific International Conference on Perovskite, Organic Photovoltaics and Optoelectronics (IPEROP27)
Publication date: 22nd October 2026
Spontaneous orientation polarization (SOP), arising from the preferential orientation of permanent dipole moments, has been extensively studied in organic light-emitting diode (OLED) materials because of its significant influence on the interface properties of OLEDs [1], [2]. In contrast, the effects of SOP on the device performance of organic solar cells (OSCs) remain largely unexplored. In this study, we investigated the effects of inserting interlayers with and without SOP at the donor-acceptor interface on the device characteristics of planar heterojunction OSCs using three donor-acceptor combinations: CuPc/C60, Pentacene/C60, and C8-BTBT/PTCDI-C8. The device performance and charge accumulation properties were evaluated using displacement current measurement (DCM).
A 5-nm-thick layer of TPBi or Alq3, both of which exhibit SOP, was inserted between the donor and acceptor layers of the CuPc/C60 and Pentacene/C60 devices. The insertion of these interlayers decreased short-circuit current density (|Jsc|) while increasing the open circuit voltage. These changes were inconsistent with those expected from the SOP-induced potential drop across the interlayer, suggesting that charge accumulation associated with energy barriers at the donor/interlayer and interlayer/acceptor interfaces plays a significant role. In contrast, the insertion of a 5-nm-thick Alq3 interlayer increased |Jsc| in the C8-BTBT/PTCDI-C8 device. However, a similar improvement was observed with a nonpolar TCTA interlayer, suggesting that the increase in |Jsc| is not primarily attributable to SOP but rather to elimination of the interfacial energy barriers. Interestingly, the S-shape in the current-voltage curve was suppressed only in the C8-BTBT/PTCDI-C8 device with an Alq3 interlayer, although the underlying mechanism remains unclear.
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