Proceedings of Asia-Pacific International Conference on Perovskite, Organic Photovoltaics and Optoelectronics (IPEROP27)
Publication date: 22nd October 2026
Cs/FA/MA triple-cation (CFM) perovskites are promising light-absorbing materials for solar cells, but defect-mediated nonradiative recombination can limit their performance. Xanthine-based additives, such as caffeine and theophylline, can contribute to defect passivation through interactions between their carbonyl (C=O) groups and Pb²⁺. In this study, we investigated 3-isobutyl-1-methylxanthine (IBMX), which retains these functional groups while incorporating a bulky isobutyl group, to examine its effects on local photoluminescence (PL) behavior. CFM perovskite films were prepared with IBMX concentrations of 0–1.0 wt% and characterized using time-resolved PL (TRPL). Because the surface wrinkle morphology varied with IBMX concentration, measurements were performed at wrinkle hills and valleys using top- and bottom-side measurement configurations. Average PL lifetimes, lifetime differences between hill and valley regions, and lifetime ratios between measurement configurations were compared across IBMX concentrations. Solar-cell performance was also evaluated to examine its relationship with the observed PL behavior. The concentration dependence of PL lifetime differed between hill and valley regions and between top- and bottom-side measurements, revealing variations in local PL decay behavior. These lifetime trends were compared with the device performance results to explore the relationship between local photophysical properties and solar-cell characteristics. These results show that IBMX concentration modifies local PL dynamics in CFM perovskite films, with distinct lifetime responses depending on the measurement location and geometry.
This research was supported by the Basic Science Research Program through the National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) funded by the Ministry of Education (RS-2024-00463479).
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