Proceedings of Asia-Pacific International Conference on Perovskite, Organic Photovoltaics and Optoelectronics (IPEROP27)
Publication date: 22nd October 2026
Deuterium substitution in methylammonium chloride (MACl) offers a route to examine how the isotopic composition of an additive relates to the structural and optical characteristics of formamidinium lead iodide (FAPbI3) films. Here, we compare films prepared with MACl and deuterated MACl (D-MACl) at the same molar loading to examine how additive deuteration relates to the structural characteristics and temporal photoluminescence (PL) stability of FAPbI3 films. D-MACl was prepared through D2O treatment followed by solvent evaporation. Reduced N–H signals in Fourier-transform infrared and 1H nuclear magnetic resonance spectra, together with the appearance of N–D stretching bands in the infrared spectra, supported deuterium substitution in the recovered additive. Films were prepared with either additive at 40 mol% relative to PbI2 using an equimolar FAI precursor ratio.
Both films exhibit similar principal α-FAPbI3 diffraction features without prominent δ-phase reflections. Raman and PL mapping across multiple regions were used to examine spatial variation, with both films exhibiting a Raman band near 121 cm-1.
Repeated 10 × 10 PL mapping of the same area in each film reveals nonmonotonic intensity changes over the measurement period. Spatial averaging over 100 measurement points provides a common basis for comparing the temporal response within each mapped area. From the first to the last mapping measurement, the peak intensity of the averaged PL spectrum increases by approximately 59% for MACl and 70% for D-MACl, reaching approximately 1.88 × 104 and 1.79 × 104 a.u., respectively. Despite its lower final peak intensity, the D-MACl film exhibits smaller temporal variations in PL peak position, with a maximum-to-minimum range of approximately 2.09 nm compared with 5.78 nm for the MACl film. This smaller variation suggests greater temporal stability of energy emission under the tested conditions.
These results show that similar principal diffraction features are accompanied by different temporal PL responses. The D-MACl film exhibits greater stability in PL peak position despite its lower final emission intensity, highlighting the importance of distinguishing emission intensity from spectral stability when evaluating deuterated additives.
The authors would like to thank all members of the research group for their support and helpful discussions.
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