Proceedings of MATSUS Spring 2024 Conference (MATSUS24)
DOI: https://doi.org/10.29363/nanoge.matsus.2024.107
Publication date: 18th December 2023
Hybrid organic-inorganic perovskite materials have gained emphasis in worldwide photovoltaic (PV) research, particularly due to their impressive power conversion efficiencies (PCEs) above 26% as well as their potential of becoming a candidate for inexpensive mass production1. Perovskite-based research today is mostly on thin layer solution based deposition techniques given their potential for integration into semitransparent. However, integration of this approach into windows and buildings is challenging as homogeneity, reproducibility, yield, and other aesthetic relevant characteristics required for building integration market have not been demonstrated to a satisfactory level. As an alternative, three-layered dielectric/metal/dielectric (DMD) thin film sequences have been successfully employed in perovskite-based research resulting in comparable PCEs up to 15%2, superior average visible transmittance (AVT), and good light utilization efficiency (LUE)3, defined as the product between AVT and PCE, highlighting the great promise of transparent electrodes. Here, we have studied semi-transparent DMD electrodes based on WO3 and Ag, to boost the PCE in semi-transparent formamidinium lead halide solar cells. A screening upon the mixed halide perovskite, from pure bromide to pure iodide has been made, demonstrating that the PCE increases with the semi-transparent electrode compare to the conventional semi-transparent Au. This work demonstrates the potential use of semi-transparent electrode to improve the light harvesting of the perovskite layer, by using optical methods to compensate chemical limitation, paving the way for application in building integration. It is proved herein that semitransparent electrodes with WO3 of 40 nm allows for the fabrication of solar cells covering a wide bandgap regime ranging from materials with suitable bandgaps for single-junction solar cells (FAPbI3, Eg = 1.5 eV) to wide bandgap materials (FAPbBr3, Eg = 2.3 eV). The solar cells prepared with this approach give promising results that compete well with more intricate fabrication approaches previously reported, while at the same time current and aesthetic parameter like Average Visible Transmittance (AVT) and Light Utilization Efficiency (LUE) are increased to real building relevant values.
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