Proceedings of MATSUS Spring 2024 Conference (MATSUS24)
DOI: https://doi.org/10.29363/nanoge.matsus.2024.202
Publication date: 18th December 2023
The oxygen evolution reaction (OER) represents an important bottleneck in water electrolysis systems. Currently, one important limitation of the OER is that the best catalysts for efficient (active and stable) operation in acidic media rely on Iridium (Ir) oxide – a rare, scarce metal. Alternative ruthenium (Ru) based systems have the prospect of high intrinsic activity, resulting from the optimum binding energy with the reaction intermediate [1], but suffer from limited stability compared to Ir catalysts.
Identifying the origin of stability limitations in Ru-based systems and using this information to improve the activity and stability performance is thus of interest. Strategies to do so comprise lowering the oxidation state of Ru centres and thereby lowering the dissolution chances [2-5]. To favour the OER, the active sites can be structurally and (or) electronically modified by the dopants.
In our work, we explore the role of metal dopants introduced in the Ruthenium oxide structure through a sol-gel synthesis protocol. We find, for selected metal dopants, a pre-catalyst reconstruction that favours the exposure of active facets with a different oxide network compared to Ru control samples, at increasing current densities. This leads to improved OER activity and stability metrics: the reconstructed catalysts show an overpotential of 171 mV at 10 mAcm-2 and 306 mV and 100 mAcm-2, versus a reversible hydrogen electrode. X-Ray Diffraction and Raman spectroscopy informs on the differences in the pre-catalyst and constant current traces show the effect of reconstruction on performance.
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