The impact of ion migration on the performance and stability of perovskite-based tandem solar cells

Sahil Shah^a, Fengjui Yang^b^,^c, Eike Köhnen^b, Esma Ugur^d, Jarla Thiesbrummel^a^,^e, Mark Khenkin^b, Lucas Holte^a, Florian Scherler^b, Paria Forozi^a, Jonas Diekmann^a, Francisco Peña-Camargo^a, Erkan Aydin^d, Felix Lang^a, Dieter Neher^a, Henry Snaith^e, Stefaan De Wolf^d, Steve Albrecht^b, Martin Stolterfoht^f

^aPhysik weicher Materie, Institut für Physik und Astronomie, Universität Potsdam, Karl-Liebknecht-Str. 24–25, 14776 Potsdam, Germany

^bHelmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie, Solar Energy Division, 12489 Berlin, Germany

^cNational Renewable Energy Laboratory, NREL, Golden, CO, USA.

^dMaterial Science and Engineering, KAUST Solar Centre, Physical science and engineering division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, 4700 KAUST, Thuwal 23955-6900, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia

^eClarendon Laboratory, University of Oxford, Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3PU, United Kingdom

^fThe Chinese University of Hong Kong, Electronic Engineering Department, Shatin N.T., Hong Kong SAR

Materials for Sustainable Development Conference (MATSUS)
Proceedings of MATSUS Spring 2024 Conference (MATSUS24)

#PerTanCell - Perovskite Tandem Solar Cells

Barcelona, Spain, 2024 March 4th - 8th

Organizers: Kai Brinkmann and Felix Lang

Invited Speaker, Martin Stolterfoht, presentation 225
DOI: https://doi.org/10.29363/nanoge.matsus.2024.225
Publication date: 18th December 2023

Mobile ions play a significant role in perovskite photovoltaics (PV), yet their impact on the overall performance and stability of tandem solar cells (TSCs) remains largely unexplored. Moreover, the effects of hysteresis in the current-voltage (JV) characteristic and ionic field screening are usually not considered to be a major problem anymore in high-performance tandem cells due to the introduction of comparatively stable and well-performing pin-type perovskite cells. This conclusion is based on the established practice of using a relatively slow JV scanning rate for the characterization of these devices. Here, based on recent work,[1-4] I will present a comprehensive study that combines an experimental analysis of ionic losses in Si/perovskite and all-perovskite TSCs during device aging with drift-diffusion simulations. Our findings demonstrate that mobile ions have a significant influence on the hysteresis of both tandem cells at high JV scan speeds (e.g. 400 V/s) as well as on performance degradation due to field screening. Additionally, subcell-dominated “fast-hysteresis” measurements on all-perovskite tandems reveal more pronounced ionic losses in the wide-bandgap subcell during aging, which we attribute to its tendency for halide segregation. Drift-diffusion simulations fully corroborate the results. Finally, I will discuss how we can use the obtained ionic properties as an early fingerprint to predict the long-term stability of perovskite cells. Overall, our research provides valuable insights into how ion migration influences the energy-lifetime yield of perovskite PV and highlights new strategies to improve the stability of all perovskite-based single- and multi-junction cells.

References:

[1] Le Corre, V. M. et al. Quantification of Efficiency Losses Due to Mobile Ions in Perovskite Solar Cells via Fast Hysteresis Measurements Sol. RRL 6, 2100772 (2022)

[2] Thiesbrummel, J. et al. Universal Current Losses in Perovskite Solar Cells Due to Mobile Ions Adv. Energy Mater. 11, 2101447 (2021)

[3] Diekmann, J. et al. Determination of Mobile Ion Densities in Halide Perovskites via Low-Frequency Capacitance and Charge Extraction Techniques J. Phys. Chem. Lett. 14, 4200–4210 (2023)

[4] Thiesbrummel, J. et al. Ion induced field screening governs the early performance degradation of perovskite solar cells under Rev. 1–20 (2023)

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