Proceedings of MATSUS Spring 2024 Conference (MATSUS24)
DOI: https://doi.org/10.29363/nanoge.matsus.2024.464
Publication date: 18th December 2023
The transition to “green energy” relies heavily on energy storage devices, especially lithium-ion batteries (LIBs). Even though new battery chemistries are emerging and pose advantages, waste associated with all batteries requires adequate treatment. Just in this decade, about 11 million metric tonnes of spent LIBs will be disposed, being a source of refined, critical materials such as Li, Co and Ni.1 Hydro- and solvometallurgy are recycling strategies that are showing industrial potential for a more efficient and greener process.2 However, the latter is often dictated by the amount of corrosive reagents, waste streams and downstream processing required. Hydroxylated solvents such as glycerol or gallol- and cathecol-based polyphenols can coordinate with metals. Thus, their application, individually or as components of other systems can occur.
In this work, the versatility of these solvents for metal recovery from spent LIBs is expanded, by using them in both liquid and solid state.
As liquids, these solvents were combined with low HCl concentrations and high water content to achieve leaching of Co, Ni and Mn from NMC materials. The increased chloride activity, a promoting ligand for metal dissolution, and direct coordination by the hydroxylated solvents were relevant factors for metal dissolution.
As solids, when combined with [2-(methacryloyloxy) ethyl] trimethylammonium chloride, these solvents could be photopolymerized into absorbing polymers. These could be used in a simple and cyclic process to extract metal ions such as Co, Ni and Li from solutions containing a complex mixture of metals present in spent batteries. Results showed that the hydroxylated solvent, especially glycerol, contributed to maintain the mechanical and structural integrity of the polymers, as well as improving the overall metal absorption capacity of the material.
H. Bastos acknowledges the financial support from Deakin University (DUPR Scholarship 0000038986).
The authors acknowledge the Australian Research Council (ARC) Training Centre for Future Energy Storage Technologies (storEnergy) (IC180100049) for funding.
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