Proceedings of MATSUS Spring 2024 Conference (MATSUS24)
Publication date: 18th December 2023
The rapid advances of organic semiconductors in recent years has been particularly notable in their application for light-emitting diodes. Despite this progress, organic photo detectors (OPDs) face challenges on the path to a viable option for mass production. While some devices demonstrate performance comparable to their inorganic counterparts, a critical figure of merit, the specific detectivity (D*), can be improved further to surpass them. D* relies on the ratio between external quantum efficiency (EQE) and noise current, prompting a focus on reducing noise current and enhancing EQE. While reducing dark current to the thermodynamic limit lacks a clear path, numerous devices have achieved EQE values surpassing 100%.
Here, we address the mechanism that significantly enhances EQE in diode-like architectures. The introduction of a gradient in the donor-acceptor composition ratio results in a notable one-order-of-magnitude improvement in specific detectivity. Additionally, we investigated how the location of the charge generation layer affects charge carrier injection. Subsequently, we conduct several experiments to understand the working mechanism of charge injection in more detail.
The incorporation of a gain mechanism not only boosts the EQE of OPDs, but also facilitates implementation with read-out circuitry. This is attributed to the higher signal and the feasibility of measurement with an applied bias. Our findings offer valuable insights into the intricate mechanisms governing charge carrier injection in OPDs, paving the way for improved performance and broader applications in optoelectronics.
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