Publication date: 21st July 2025
Metal halide perovskite solar cells have become a viable option for future renewable energy. Record single and tandem junction all-perovskite solar cells already provide power efficiencies of over ~26% and ~30%, respectively. The next target in photovoltaic energy conversion can possibly be met by developing all-perovskite multi-junction solar cells. These require highly efficient and stable perovskite sub-cells with bandgaps in the range between 1.2 and 2.3 eV. Especially for narrow and wide bandgap perovskites challenges remain in reducing the energy loss between bandgap and open-circuit voltage. Guided by ultra-sensitive photocurrent spectroscopy, absolute and time-resolved photoluminescence spectroscopy, and in combination with bulk and interface passivation strategies, it is possible to reduce non-radiative losses in each of the bandgap regions and achieve open-circuit voltages that approach and sometimes exceed 90% of the detailed balance limit. By monolithically stacking multiple perovskite sub cells with complementary bandgap using recombination junctions designed to provide near-zero electrical and optical losses, it is possible to fabricate monolithic multi-junction configurations with high power conversion efficiencies.
The author acknowledges funding from the Netherlands Organization for Scientific Research (NWO Spinoza grant) and from the European Union's Horizon Europe research and innovation programme (Grant Agreements No. 101075605, SuPerTandem, No. 101098168, PERSTACK, and No. 101147653, LUMINOSITY).
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