Publication date: 21st July 2025
Trap states in 2D metal-halide perovskites strongly affect optoelectronic performance [1]. Understanding and distinguishing between the different types of energy carriers, such as excitons, free carriers, and trap-mediated states is essential, as these species govern charge carrier dynamics and determine emission efficiency [2]. Power-dependent studies, when combined with lifetime and spectrally resolved photoluminescence measurements, are key tools to disentangle the contributions of each carrier type. While excitons and free carriers are associated with radiative recombination and efficient light emission, trap states introduce non-radiative losses and reduce device performance. A clear spatial and spectral separation of these carriers is therefore critical for targeted material optimization and precise control of optoelectronic properties [3].
Our study focuses on two-dimensional metal-halide perovskite flakes, which exhibit strong excitonic emission and pronounced carrier trapping phenomena, making them ideal systems for investigating power-dependent spectral and lifetime dynamics. The micron-sized flakes are synthesized via solution-based methods and exfoliated onto transparent substrates for optical characterization.
We combine hyperspectral and Fluorescence Lifetime Imaging Microscopy with direct spatial visualization of carrier dynamics. By systematically evaluating the power dependence of the spectral, temporal, and spatial characteristics of the optical excited state, we can map spectral shifts, intensity changes, and the emergence of distinct emissive components with high fidelity. Backed up by advanced numerical modeling, this multimodal approach enables the precise localization and mapping of charge carrier species in perovskite materials at the micrometer scale. Such fine-grained control is essential to probe and decouple overlapping excitonic, free carrier, and trap-state contributions [2]. This capability is critical for guiding synthesis strategies and improving the optoelectronic quality of low-dimensional perovskites.
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