Publication date: 21st July 2025
A major challenge in solar fuels is to identify and control the multiple factors that determine the efficiency of the light-driven molecular transformation under realistic operating conditions. In semiconductor photoelectrodes such as hematite, recombination and trapping of photogenerated charge carriers compete with their transport to the electrode-electrolyte interface, thereby limiting overall conversion efficiency. While these processes have been studied at microscopic spatial scales [1] or ultrafast temporal timescales [2], their simultaneous investigation remains largely underexplored. In particular, direct characterization of carrier transport is missing. Despite carrier diffusion length being a critical parameter in the calculation of photo(electro)chemical efficiency, it is rarely known.
Transient reflectance microscopy [3, 4] has emerged as a powerful method to spatiotemporally resolve the lifetime, transport, and diffusion length of photogenerated charges in a wide range of photoactive materials. This presentation will describe the development of this method to study hematite photoelectrodes under water oxidation conditions. I will discuss recent results that quantify how these carrier transport metrics are affected under applied bias.
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