Publication date: 22nd July 2026
Metal-Nitrogen-Carbon (M-N-C) composite, which could take advantage of the high electrocatalytic activity of metal-Cx/Nx sites and the high stability and conductivity of carbon, have emerged as one kind of the most promising materials for electrocatalysis. In our work, porous nitrogen-doped carbon nanospheres loaded with well-dispersed CoFe-based nanoparticles were synthesized by using block polymer as the soft templates and dopamine as the nitrogen and carbon source. Precursor of CoFe-polymer-PDA nanospheres were firstly prepared by a self-assembly process. Then, these nanospheres were carbonized to generate porous N-doped carbon nanospheres riddled with ultrafine CoFe-based nanoparticles (CoFe@PNC). By simply changing the polymer species added into the reaction system, porous carbon with different pore size from mesopores to macropores can be obtained. The N-doped carbon matrix served as an electron conductor, and the CoFe-based nanoparticles in turn enhanced the catalytic performance. In addition, the unique porous structures exposed numerous active catalytic sites while enabled free diffusion of the electrolyte and mass transfer. Consequently, the obtained bimetallic CoFe@PNC showed higher activity than those Co@PNC and Fe@PNC for oxygen reduction reaction (ORR). In particular, the optimized CoFe nanoparticles embedded in meso-macroporous N-doped carbon (CoFe@MesoMacroNC) deliver superior ORR activities in both alkali and acidic media, achieving halfwave potentials of 0.943 V vs RHE and 0.811 V vs RHE, respectively. In addition, when CoFe@MesoMacroNC is used in a Zn−air battery, it shows a higher power density of 155 mW cm−2 as compared with that of commercial Pt/C (137 mW cm−2 ) as well as better stability.
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