Publication date: 22nd July 2026
While luminescence is ubiquitous in photovoltaic research, be it as a diagnostic tool or fingerprint of efficient device operation, the emissive process is seldom treated on equal footing with (re-)absorption in the simulation-based analysis of photovoltaic device operation. On the other hand, there is an increasing variety of opto-electronic devices that rely on the re-absorption of internal emission: not only do the most efficient solar cells benefit from photon recycling (PR) and luminescent coupling (LC), but radiative energy transfer also plays a vital role in spectral conversion devices, laser power converters, and thermophotonic (TPX) applications.
In our contribution, we review our comprehensive approach to the simulation of re-absorption effects in photovoltaic devices, both on the level of the optical detailed balance limit [1] and integrated with full drift-diffusion charge transport [2]. After revisiting key results of the literature in the light of our theory – such as the enhancement of VOC by PR [1,2] and the role of PR and LC in tandems [3,4], we demonstrate the versatility of the framework by application to the modelling of UV downshifting encapsulations for silicon solar cells, III-V multi-junction laser power converters, and near-field TPX devices.
The authors acknowledge financial support from the Swiss National Science Foundation via SINERGIA project "RADICALS", grant no. CRSII5_21667.
