Publication date: 22nd July 2026
The defect chemistry and resulting ionic structure is imperative for the properties of complex oxides, allowing for controlling and tailoring their functionality by thermodynamic means. This is particularly the case for exsolution-active oxides, in which reduction leads to the controlled decomposition of the host under the formation of metallic nanoparticles and compensating defect structures in the surrounding oxide matrix. In this talk, we attempt to provide a generalized perspective on defect-mediated phenomena in exsolution-active perovskites.
As we discuss, the exsolution response as well as the thermal stability of the resulting nanoparticles can be tuned by controlling the surface chemistry of the exsolution-active oxide, and thus controlling defect concentrations, space charge, and bonding between nanoparticle and host. Further, due to the dynamic loss of reducible transition metal species from the oxide lattice during exsolution, the characteristic defect compensation mechanisms vary as the exsolution process propagates.
For the co-doped exsolution model system, STNNi (Nb- and Ni-co-doped SrTiO3), we observe a continuous transition from donor-type defect chemistry towards acceptor-type defect chemistry, indicative of an increasing counter-compensation of Nd-donors via B-site vacancies as the exsolution process proceeds. As a result, electronic connectivity of the nanocomposite and specifically the electrical contact resistances of the nanoparticles to their surrounding host oxide may strongly dependent on the intrinsic defect structure established after depletion of transition metals from the B-site. The results highlight the importance of both surface- and bulk-defect chemistry in establishing functional exsolution oxides.
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