Proceedings of MATSUS Fall 2026 Conference (MATSUSFall26)
Publication date: 22nd July 2026
The electrochemical reduction of CO2 to multi-carbon products on Cu catalysts is often limited by the difficulty of maintaining a hydrophobic reaction interface without blocking catalytically active sites. Here, we demonstrate a vapor-phase fluorinated silane modification of Cu that provides a hydrophobic yet electrochemically accessible interface for enhanced C2 production under high-current-density flow-cell conditions. The modified Cu electrode achieves a C2 Faradaic efficiency of approximately 75% and a C2 partial current density of 122 mA cm-2, exceeding those of pristine Cu while maintaining a comparable total current density. Experimental characterization, together with density functional theory and classical molecular dynamics simulations, indicates that the fluorinated silane layer enhances *CO retention, suppresses CO desorption, and reorganizes the interfacial water environment, thereby promoting C-C coupling and C2 product formation. The hydrophobic interface also contributes to stable CO2 reduction during prolonged operation by preserving a favorable gas-liquid-solid reaction environment. These results highlight vapor-phase fluorinated silane modification as an effective approach for controlling the Cu/electrolyte interface and improving multi-carbon selectivity without compromising catalytic accessibility.
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