Proceedings of MATSUS Fall 2026 Conference (MATSUSFall26)
Publication date: 22nd July 2026
The electrochemical reduction of CO2 to multi-carbon products on Cu catalysts is often constrained by a trade-off between hydrophobic surface modification and catalytic accessibility. Herein, we report a vapor-phase fluorinated silane modification strategy that creates a hydrophobic yet electrochemically accessible Cu interface for achieving enhanced C2 selectivity without sacrificing catalytic activity under relevant flow-cell conditions at high current densities. As a result, the modified Cu electrode achieves a C2 Faradaic efficiency of ~75% and a C2 partial current density of 122 mA cm-2, outperforming pristine Cu while maintaining comparable overall current density. Experimental studies combined with density functional theory and classical molecular dynamics simulations suggest that the fluorinated silane layer promotes *CO retention, suppresses CO desorption, and modifies the local interfacial water structure, thereby favoring C–C coupling and multi-carbon product formation. In addition, the hydrophobic interface improves catalyst stability during prolonged operation by helping maintain a favorable gas-liquid-solid reaction environment.
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