Proceedings of nanoGe Fall Meeting19 (NFM19)
DOI: https://doi.org/10.29363/nanoge.nfm.2019.144
Publication date: 18th July 2019
Organic photovoltaics (OPV) with bulk heterojunction photoactive layers have recently reached a certified power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 14.9% for single junction solar-cells1. This progress is largely the outcome of the development of high performance materials including fluorinated polymers2 and non-fullerene acceptors (NFAs)3. These very promising results represent a major step forward in the scaling up of OPV. However, beyond high efficiencies, the scaling up of OPV devices into large area modules free from rare materials (e.g. indium) and fabricated with the use of less toxic solvents and/or additives need to be demonstrated.
We recently reported photovoltaic results obtained using a fluorinated copolymer4 together with a fullerene derivative (PC71BM), giving a PCE of more than 10% on 12 mm2 photovoltaic devices processed from hot o-DCB solution and having an architecture containing indium tin oxide (ITO). In the present study, non-halogenated solvents and harmless additives have been employed together in order to reach similar efficiencies on lab-scale and ITO-containing devices. As a next step, we could successfully transfer the fabrication process for the realization of small scale ITO-free devices with 7.8% efficiency, in which the photoactive layer was deposited from an o-Xylene/p-Anisaldehyde mixture. The devices contained substrate-sided opaque metal electrodes and a metal grid electrode on top of the cell stack, similar to an architecture we have published before5. Furthermore, after a scale-up of the fluorinated-polymer synthesis, ITO-free OPV modules on glass substrates with an active area of 66 cm² and power conversion efficiency above 6% have been manufactured. By employing a shunt-proof opaque electrode, no voltage losses have been observed after monolithic serial interconnection of the 15 individual cells, which could have been caused e.g. by reduced parallel resistance due to local coating defects.
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