Proceedings of nanoGe Fall Meeting 2021 (NFM21)
DOI: https://doi.org/10.29363/nanoge.nfm.2021.075
Publication date: 23rd September 2021
The globally growing market of smart applications and devices in a society which aims for sustainability and eco-friendliness leads to the question of powering all these systems. Powering and enabling their long-term self-sufficiency results in an increasing interest in (micro) energy harvesting solutions, from sources such as temperature differences, vibrations and light. In the special case of powering indoor devices with artificial (narrow) light spectra organic solar cells and modules have emerged as a promising photovoltaic technology which combines low fabrication cost, lightweight and mechanical flexibility. Most of the work focused on the development of new and specially tailored semiconductor materials (optimal bandgap of ~1.8eV) on the classical Indium Tin Oxide (ITO)-based architecture with the known issues related to that (mechanical brittleness, rare material/environmental impact, stability, roll-to-roll (R2R) compatibility). [1]
Herein we present ITO-free organic photovoltaic (OPV) cells and modules processed from non-halogenated solvents with high parallel resistance which enables their usage at extremely low intensities as 100 lux. The upscaling process from 0.1 cm2 cells to 7.3 cm2 modules (8 cells in series) was successfully done with performance losses less than 15 % relative. Under 500 lux our modules show an efficiency of 14 %. This is, to the best of our knowledge, the highest value reported for ITO-free non-fullerene acceptor OPV modules processed from green solvents. We can show that the ITO-free, R2R compatible electrode system is applicable to a wide range of modern organic semiconductors used in OPV technology. Furthermore, the presented ITO-free electrode system and cells stack work on rigid as on flexible substrates which increases the versatility of use cases. Surprisingly, novel donor:acceptor systems designed for sunlight application yield similar results under dim indoor light because of their outstanding external quantum efficiency, resulting in higher currents thus compensating for their typically lower band gap. However, these absorber materials are inferior in terms of their theoretical maximum performance. We also will address the influence of different light colours (warm white to cool white) on the efficiency.
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