Temperature Dependent DMSO Diffusion during CH3NH3PbI3 Layer Formation
Thomas Dittrich a, Qin Tan a, Karsten Hinrichs b, Steffen Fengler c, Jörg Rappich a, Pongthep Prajongtat d, Norbert H. Nickel a
a Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin, Institute for Silicon Photovoltaics, DE, Berlin, Germany
b Leibniz-Institut für Analytische Wissenschaften – ISAS – eV, Schwarzschildstr. 8, 12489 Berlin, Germany, Germany
c Helmholtz-Zentrum Geesthacht, Zentrum für Material- und Küstenforschung, Institut für Werkstoffforschung, Germany, Max-Planck-Straße, 1, Geesthacht, Germany
d Department of Materials Science, Faculty of Science, Kasetsart University, Bangkok 10900, Thailand
nanoGe Perovskite Conferences
Proceedings of nanoGe International Conference on Perovskite Solar Cells, Photonics and Optoelectronics (NIPHO19)
International Conference on Perovskite Thin Film Photovoltaics
Jerusalem, Israel, 2019 February 24th - 27th
Organizers: Lioz Etgar and Kai Zhu
Oral, Qin Tan, presentation 034
DOI: https://doi.org/10.29363/nanoge.nipho.2019.034
Publication date: 21st November 2018

Organic-inorganic perovskites have attracted tremendous interest due to their exceptional optical and electrical properties (high carrier mobility, long carrier diffusion length, and large absorption coefficient). These lead to high power conversion efficiencies of organic-inorganic perovskites ranging slightly above 22% by using simple spin-coating processing.

This paper addresses the influence of the out-diffusion of the solvent, here dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) as often used for such processing techniques, on the device quality. The temperature dependence of the out-diffusion of DMSO from CH3NH3PbI3 precursor layers was investigated by applying the flash-anneal technique and analyzing the S=O vibrational mode in the layers using infrared spectroscopic ellipsometry. The diffusion of DMSO can be well described by diffusion in a homogeneous layer. The diffusion coefficient of DMSO in CH3NH3PbI3 amounts to about 10-11 cm²/s at 100 °C. Furthermore, the diffusion constant exhibits an activated behavior with activation energies of E = 0.6 and 1.8 eV, respectively, indicating the presence of two different migration processes. The obtained activation energies will be discussed in terms of decomposition and incorporation of DMSO related complexes in the perovskite lattice. Finally the influence of the out-diffusion of DMSO on the formation of the CH3NH3PbI3 lattice will be debated.

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