Publication date: 8th June 2021
Nanoceria (Cerium Oxide Nanoparticles) is one of the main compounds among the useful materials of the rare-earth elements. The crystal structure of these nanoparticles make them ideal electron scavengers, and there are many processes where nanoceria are used as catalyst or active support and oxygen buffers. The ability to switch valence states between Ce3+ and Ce4+ depending on the surroundings, also in physiological conditions, makes nanoceria a striking material for biomedecine, especially in the modulation of oxidative stress in living organisms. Plenty of reports are constantly appearing praising the wide spectrum antioxidant enzyme-mimetic activities and immunomodulatory properties of nanoceria to develop new treatments for many diseases ranging from retinal degeneration, neurodegenerative diseases, diabetes, ischemia, cardiopathies, gastrointestinal inflammation, liver fibrosis, and cancer.[1] It is attracting more and more attention in the research community in bio- nano- medicine. For these reason, there is a need to study nanoceria safety in biologic systems. Here we present a possible nanoparticle (NP) degradation mechanism when nanoceria is exposed to Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) and therefore, during its catalytic cycle. Nanoceria oxidation state is studied mediating UV-vis spectroscopy. Finally, biodistribution of nanoceria (≈2.5 nm) administered intravenously (IV) to mice is reported.
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