Publication date: 8th June 2021
Direct formate fuel cells (DFFCs) are a promising energy conversion technology due to the use of a carbon-neutral fuel. Formate also offers several advantages: easy storage and transport, low toxicity, and a low fuel crossover providing a high volumetric energy density. Palladium has been widely used as a catalyst for the formate oxidation reaction (FOR) because it allows the direct conversion to CO2. However, it suffers from restrictive factors, including low stability, unsatisfactory activity, and high cost. Palladium alloys improve these material features due to an electronic modification, but this enhancement remains insufficient for a widespread application. In this work, we propose the incorporation of phosphorous into a PdSn alloy, exhibiting an activity increase not only towards the binary compounds but also with reported values so far. First, ternary palladium tin phosphide (PdSn:P) nanoparticles were prepared by colloidal synthesis under an inert atmosphere and subsequently deposited onto carbon black XC-72, which acts as a support. At room temperature, Pd0.9SnP1.4/C catalyst exhibits mass current density up to 5.9 A mgPd-1 well above those of Pd1.1Sn/C and Pd2P/C reference catalysts. Increasing the cell temperature to 80°C further enhances the activity to 28.5 A mgPd-1.
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