Proceedings of MATSUS Spring 2024 Conference (MATSUS24)
DOI: https://doi.org/10.29363/nanoge.matsus.2024.412
Publication date: 18th December 2023
Global demand for power generated from renewable sources, such as wind or solar, is growing. Stationary energy storage is one of the key technologies to ensure stable and reliable power supply despite the intermittent nature of these sources. Stationary storage helps not only to balance short but frequent fluctuations, it can also store large amounts of excess energy for many hours or days and discharge it at time of high demand. High-temperature sodium-sulfur (NAS®) batteries are well suited for such long-duration stationary storage applications.
NAS® battery cells consist of sodium as the negative electrode and sulfur as the positive one. A beta-alumina ceramic tube functions as electrolyte, which allows only sodium-ions to pass through. When discharging, sodium is oxidized and sulfur is reduced to form sodium-polysulfide (Na2SX). The charging step recovers again metallic sodium and elemental sulfur. This technology is based on abundant, non-toxic materials and provides high energy density with an optimum discharge window of 6 – 8 hours. The NAS® battery has a design life of 20 years, high capacity retention and an elaborated safety concept.
Since the first NAS® batteries have been commercialized more than 20 years ago, the total installed capacity is now approaching 5 GWh. NGK Insulators Ltd. and BASF Stationary Energy Storage cooperate to deploy NAS® batteries worldwide and to develop the next generation of batteries. This presentation will give an overview over NAS® battery technology and the features it offers for stationary energy storage.
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