Publication date: 22nd July 2026
The catalytic hydrogenation of CO₂ into value-added chemicals and fuels represents a key pathway toward establishing a circular carbon economy. In this context, exsolution has emerged as a powerful materials design strategy for the development of advanced thermocatalysts, enabling the controlled formation of socketed metal and alloy nanoparticles that are strongly anchored to oxide supports. Beyond their exceptional resistance to sintering and deactivation, growing evidence suggests that exsolved systems function as dynamic catalytic interfaces rather than static nanoparticle assemblies, with catalytic performance governed by the interplay between exsolved nanoparticles, oxygen defect chemistry, and active support participation under reaction conditions.
In this presentation, we will explore the design and application of exsolved systems for the thermocatalytic conversion of CO₂ into value-added chemicals and synthetic fuels. We will explore the pathways leading to methanol synthesis, as well as the production of paraffinic and olefinic hydrocarbon fractions. We will examine how catalyst composition can be precisely tuned through multi-metal exsolution, alloy or heterostructures formation, enabling control over adsorption energetics and reaction pathways toward targeted products on demand. We will also look into different host materials, including perovskites, spinels and fluorite-type structures, where composition, defect chemistry, and redox behavior dictate nanoparticle emergence, catalyst stability, and catalytic functionality. By connecting advances in exsolution chemistry with thermocatalytic CO₂ conversion, this work highlights how exsolution can evolve beyond a synthetic methodology into a versatile platform for the rational design of robust catalytic systems for sustainable fuel and chemical production.
The research leading to these results was funded by the Engineering and Physical Science Research Council EP/Y015487/1.
