Unveiling the moisture-induced surface degradation of halide perovskites at the atomic level
Benjamin Gallant a
a Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialen und Energie, Hahn-Meitner-Platz, 1, Berlin, Germany
Proceedings of MATSUS Fall 2026 Conference (MATSUSFall26)
A4 Pathways to Stable Metal Halide Perovskites
Palma, Spain, 2026 October 26th - 30th
Organizers: Oussama ER-RAJI and Mostafa Othman
Invited Speaker, Benjamin Gallant, presentation 111
Publication date: 22nd July 2026

Halide perovskites are promising semiconductors for photovoltaics and other optoelectronic technologies, but their acute moisture sensitivity remains a major barrier to long-term operational stability. The earliest stages of water-induced degradation are especially difficult to resolve as they are confined to ultrathin surface layers and often produce disordered phases that evade diffraction-based structural probes. Here I'll discuss how we have exposed lead halide perovskites suitable for state-of-the-art perovskite photovoltaics and LEDs to 17O-enriched water vapor and used ultra-high-field solid-state 17O MAS NMR to identify the surface species formed during moisture-induced degradation. We find that water does not simply adsorb as isolated molecules but instead forms liquid-like interfacial nanofilms that act as both solvents and reactive media. These nanofilms selectively leach ions from perovskite surfaces and direct composition-dependent degradation pathways leading to hydrate, hydroxyhalide, hydroxide and oxide phase formation. These findings establish reactive water nanofilms as the key intermediate in moisture-driven degradation, map how degradation products evolve across the lead halide perovskite compositional space and provide clear design rules for moisture-stable perovskite photovoltaics and LEDs.

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