Publication date: 22nd July 2026
Electrostatic gating provides a powerful route to interrogate and engineer biological interfaces. In this talk, I will discuss biofunctionalized solid/liquid interfaces as iontronic systems in which ionic screening, interfacial polarization, molecular dipoles, and field-driven rearrangements jointly determine device response.
The focus will be on physisorbed antibody monolayers on gold and their coupling to electronic and optical transducers. Although physisorption is often regarded as less controlled than covalent immobilization, our recent results show that antibody adlayers can form robust, function-preserving biointerfaces whose electrostatic properties are highly informative. Kelvin probe force microscopy, polarization-modulation infrared reflection–absorption spectroscopy, and Raman spectroscopy provide complementary access to the electrostatic and structural state of the biolayer, and to its modulation by ionic, molecular, and electric-field-driven processes.
I will first discuss how antibody adsorption is governed by a spreading–packing competition. Using PM-IRRAS and two-dimensional correlation spectroscopy, the structural evolution of anti-IgM monolayers can collapse onto a surface-density coordinate, linking adsorption conditions to secondary-structure organization. I will then show how electric-field cycling, applied within a non-faradaic window, acts as an annealing-like process for physisorbed antibody layers: it does not simply align molecular dipoles, but reduces the dispersion of biolayer polarization, thereby improving reproducibility across devices. Finally, I will connect these interfacial effects to transduction, including graphene-based optoelectronic platforms in which biomolecular recognition at a remote gold biointerface is capacitively coupled to graphene and read optically through Raman phonon shifts.
This perspective frames bioelectronic sensing as a condensed-matter and interfacial-physics problem, discussing how soft, polar, nanoscale biological matter organizes under ionic, electrostatic, and molecular constraints to generate measurable electronic and optical signals.
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