Publication date: 22nd July 2026
Achieving large-scale, cost-effective green ethylene production is a major challenge for the chemical industry.1 The electrochemical reduction of carbon dioxide (CO2) offers a promising pathway.2 While significant efforts are currently focused on demonstrating long-term electrolyzer stability for industrial deployment, the impact of fluctuating renewable power inputs has received far less attention.3,4 As future CO2 electrolysis systems are expected to be directly coupled with intermittent electricity generation, understanding their response to dynamic operating conditions is essential. In this work, we assess the performance of a CO2 zero-gap electrolyzer under repeated load variations representative of renewable-driven operation. We investigate the effect of reducing current density on key performance indicators, including product formation rate and cell voltage, and evaluate the extent to which performance is recovered once nominal operating conditions are restored. By distinguishing between reversible and irreversible effects, we identify which elements are most susceptible to degradation. Building on these insights, we are developing an adaptive operating protocol aimed at minimizing transient losses and facilitating stable operation under variable power conditions. Our results provide practical guidance for flexible operation of CO2 electrolyzers and support their integration with renewable energy systems.
This project receives funding from the Dutch government through the RVO-MOOI scheme.
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