Publication date: 22nd July 2026
Perovskite devices involve processes that occur on multiple characteristic timescales, including electronic and ionic characteristic times, and across different physical regions, including the bulk, interfaces, and contacts. A key challenge is that standard measurements often mix these contributions, making it difficult to identify the origin of performance limitations.
Impedance spectroscopy (IS), the most established frequency-domain technique, enables detailed in-operando insight, particularly by separating processes based on their characteristic times.[1, 2] However, linking these dynamics to specific physical origins, such as electronic or ionic transport, bulk or interfacial recombination, or contact effects, remains challenging. I will show how combining IS with intensity-modulated photocurrent (IMPS) and photovoltage (IMVS) enables the identification of the dominant limiting mechanisms in different perovskite solar cells.[3-5]
I will also present recent results on intensity-modulated photoluminescence spectroscopy (IMPLS), a fully optical technique. I will show representative perovskite responses, discuss their analysis, and highlight the information that can be extracted. By combining IMPLS with electrical modulated techniques, we demonstrate how additional insight into underlying mechanisms can be obtained beyond electrical measurements alone. In particular, IMPLS provides a contact-free way to probe internal limiting processes in perovskite materials and devices.[6, 7]
The work of AOA is part of the Faculty of Impact (FoI.2025.022) project, grant ID DUEYX74140, financed by the Dutch Research Council (NWO) and carried out at the NWO institute AMOLF.
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