Publication date: 22nd July 2026
While most exsolution research has focused on high-temperature applications, this study demonstrates how exsolution can be used as a catalyst design strategy in alkaline water electrolysis for the oxygen evolution reaction (OER). Dense polished pellets of the A-site deficient perovskite Sr0.98Ti0.7Fe0.25Ni0.05O3−δ (STFNO) were employed as a model system to study the intrinsic oxygen evolution reaction activity and stability. [1]
Reductive treatment induces the exsolution of finely dispersed Ni–Fe-based nanoparticles, resulting in enhanced catalytic activity and enabling overpotentials as low as 199 mV at 10 mA cm−2 under industrially relevant conditions (75 °C, 50 bar, 10 M KOH). The use of dense model electrodes provides unique insights into catalytic activity and stability under harsh operating conditions, revealing that the stability window of exsolved nanoparticles is strongly linked to temperature. While nanoparticles remain visible after electrolysis at 75 °C, they are no longer observed after operation at 100 °C, despite no significant loss in catalytic activity. [1]
Beyond performance enhancement, environmental transmission electron microscopy reveals that exsolution temperature can be used to tailor nanoparticle structure. Distinct exsolution pathways lead either to compositionally homogeneous nanoparticles or to core–shell structures, depending on the reduction temperature. [1] These findings demonstrate how exsolution parameters can be used to engineer catalyst structure. These insights highlight the potential of exsolution-derived catalysts for other low-temperature electrochemical technologies, including proton exchange membrane water electrolysis (PEMEC).
Financial support from the Pioneer Center for Accelerating P2X Materials Discovery (CAPeX; DNRF Grant No. P3) is gratefully acknowledged.
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