Publication date: 22nd July 2026
The mutual synchronization of spintronic oscillators is a powerful phenomenon that enhances spectral performance for wireless communication and signal processing while opening new opportunities for unconventional computing and energy harvesting [1]. Early demonstrations with spin-torque nano-oscillators (STNOs) confirmed synchronization feasibility but were limited to small arrays due to challenges in coupling control and scalability [1,2]. Here, we report major advances using nano-constriction spin Hall nano-oscillators (NC-SHNOs), which provide a scalable, programmable, and CMOS-compatible platform for building large oscillator networks [1]. SHNOs, based on heavy-metal/ferromagnet bilayers driven by spin–orbit torques, offer precise frequency, phase, and coupling tunability through current, field, and geometry. Our previous work demonstrated synchronization in small chains and two-dimensional arrays, but limited coupling control and thermal effects constrained scalability [3,4].
Recently, SHNOs with perpendicular magnetic anisotropy (PMA), particularly W/CoFeB/MgO trilayers, have enabled propagating spin waves (PSWs) that naturally transmit phase information over micrometer distances [5]. We demonstrate variable-phase mutual synchronization mediated by PSWs [6], with electrical and μ-BLS measurements showing both in-phase and anti-phase modes, tunable by field angle and current. Micromagnetic simulations link this phase control to PSW dispersion characteristics, underscoring the advantages of PMA-SHNOs.
Building on this, we have scaled SHNO arrays to over 100,000 synchronized oscillators [7] using high-SOT W–Ta/CoFeB/MgO multilayers patterned into sub-20-nm constrictions [8]. These networks achieve output powers above 9 nW, quality factors exceeding one million, and exhibit long-range coherence suitable for wave-based computing, including reservoir computing and Ising machines. The platform also supports local, energy-efficient control via voltage-controlled magnetic anisotropy (VCMA) and memristive gating. Together, these advances establish SHNO networks as a leading candidate for next-generation spintronic systems, combining scalability, programmable phase control, and high coherence to enable powerful computing and microwave applications.
The author acknowledges support from NordForsk foundation to present this work.
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