Publication date: 22nd July 2026
Abstract:
The power conversion efficiency (PCE) of single-junction solar cells is fundamentally limited to approximately 33% by intrinsic energy loss mechanisms, including thermalization, below-bandgap, and Boltzmann losses. Among these, Boltzmann losses are of particular significance because their mitigation through optical confinement can theoretically increase the efficiency limit up to 43%. Perovskite solar cells (PSCs) are especially well suited for addressing these losses owing to their high photoluminescence quantum yield (PLQY). While most of the previous studies have focused on suppressing non-radiative recombination through materials and interface engineering, comparatively little attention has been given to reducing the unavoidable radiative losses caused by the angular mismatch between absorbed and emitted photons. In this work, we designed, modelled, and experimentally realized the photonic structures to restrict the optical emission cone, and minimizing these intrinsic losses. As a result of which inverted PSCs incorporating the proposed photonic structure exhibited an increase in PCE from 20% to 20.7%, accompanied by a 17mV enhancement in open-circuit voltage (Voc), primarily attributed to the suppression of unavoidable radiative losses. These findings establish photonic engineering as an effective strategy for bringing PSCs closer to their fundamental efficiency limit by addressing a loss mechanism that cannot be eliminated through conventional materials or interface optimization alone.
Keywords: Perovskite, Photonic Strucures, Boltzmann Losses, Radiative Losses, Photoluminescence Quantum Yield
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