Publication date: 22nd July 2026
Already in the early days of research on metal-halide perovskite solar cells, which dates back a little more than a decade, the ionic conductivity of perovskites was measured and discussed in the context of current-voltage hysteresis, pseudocapacitance, and reversible changes during operation. Since then, mixed electronic-ionic conductivity in these materials has been extensively studied and increasingly linked to effects observed in the long-term operational stability of solar cells.
When it comes to photovoltaic (PV) devices, quantifying the influence of ionic effects in operando is highly challenging for various reasons: 1) A PV device is an active device, with electrons and holes being photogenerated, transported, trapped, and recombined within the mixed conductor. 2) In perovskite PVs, the functionality relies heavily on heterointerfaces with adjacent charge-transport layers that complement the bulk properties. 3) Ionic charges couple to these processes by influencing electronic charge transport and recombination. 4) Ionic species may themselves be affected by illumination and interfacial reactions. 5) The device architecture, comprising several capacitive layers, impedes direct measurements of ion concentrations and mobilities.
In this talk, I will approach this topic by combining device simulation studies with experimental results. Particular focus will be placed on a depth-resolved determination of the collection efficiency of photogenerated charges as influenced by ionic distributions. Experimentally, spatially resolved photocurrent measurements will be employed as a function of prebias voltage [1]. Furthermore, transient measurements used to quantify ion densities will be evaluated. Finally, I will attempt to address the long-standing question of how the perovskite PV device would behave in the absence of ions [2].
This research received funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation program under grant agreement no. 851676 (ERC StGrt).
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