Publication date: 22nd July 2026
The mimicry of photosynthesis to produce sustainable fuels and chemicals has long inspired scientists, but fully functional and scalable systems that fully replicate natural photosynthesis remain rare, and viable routes to commercialisation are uncertain. Recent advances in the assembly of photosynthesis-inspired architectures have enabled the construction of prototype solar devices for direct CO₂ fixation. Artificial leaves combine semiconductor light absorbers with immobilised (bio)molecular catalysts to drive solar-powered CO2 reduction, producing fuels, alongside oxygen evolution from water oxidation. These products can be further upgraded via integrated catalytic processes, for example converting formate into enantioenriched organics through enzymatic cascades or into sugars using engineered microorganisms. The replacement of water oxidation by the valorisation of waste substrates provides a possible path towards commercialisation. This “solar reforming” approach offers favourable thermodynamics and kinetics while improving economic viability by coupling fuel production with waste upcycling. Notably, outdoor solar plastic reforming is currently being tested at the kilogram/square meter scale. This presentation will outline the emerging paradigm of integrated solar chemistry with a focus on solar reforming. It will also highlight strategies and frontiers such as atmospheric CO₂ utilisation, advanced light management in integrated devices, and solar-driven cascade catalysis for high-value chemical synthesis.
More information: http://www-reisner.ch.cam.ac.uk/
Support by the UK Department of Science, Innovation and Technology and the Royal Academy of Engineering Chair in Emerging Technologies programme (CIET-2324-83 to E.R.) as well as UK Research & Innovation (UKRI; ERC Advanced Grant EP/X030563/1 to ER) is acknowledged.
