Water pollution remains a critical global challenge, demanding efficient and scalable treatment technologies. While photocatalysis is a promising advanced oxidation strategy, conventional powder-based systems are hindered by poor catalyst recovery, limited reusability, and inefficient pollutant-catalyst interactions, restricting their practical application.

Here, we demonstrate how three-dimensional (3D) printing enables the design of photocatalytic materials with enhanced performance. By combining complementary 3D printing techniques, we fabricate structured photocatalytic supports that improve light harvesting, mass transport, and pollutant accessibility to the active surface. Fused deposition modelling (FDM) offers a versatile and scalable route for fabricating robust structures through the direct use of composite filaments, while digital light processing (DLP) provides superior resolution and greater design freedom for resin-based systems. Together, these techniques constitute a powerful and flexible toolbox for the development of advanced photocatalytic systems.

In this context, we first exploit FDM to fabricate silicon carbide (SiC) structures using composite printable filaments. This approach provides SiC architectures with high mechanical robustness and an interconnected porous network, enabling improved photocatalytic performance and long-term reusability. The resulting 3D-SiC exhibits efficient capture and degradation of polystyrene (PS) microplastics under simulated solar irradiation, achieving up to 85% removal within 8 h. Prolonged irradiation induces significant morphological and structural changes in the microplastics, confirming progressive degradation, while the photocatalytic structure retains excellent mechanical stability and performance over repeated cycles.

Building on these results, we extend this approach using DLP, enabling higher-resolution architectures and alternative pathways for the fabrication of functional materials. Multicomponent systems such as Cu₂O/g‑C₃N₄/ZnGa₂O₄:Cr³⁺ are obtained through post-printing modification, where thermal treatment and surface coating are applied to form well-coupled semiconductor interfaces. This strategy enables the integration of multiple functional materials within complex 3D microarchitectures, enhancing light harvesting, charge separation, and interfacial charge transfer for efficient photocatalytic water remediation.

Overall, this work establishes complementary 3D printing technologies such as FDM and DLP as powerful tools for the design of scalable, reusable, and high-performance photocatalytic systems for advanced water remediation.