Operando correlative characterization of electrocatalysts for CO2 reduction reaction
Angelica Chiodoni b, Wahab Abdul a,  b, Katarzyna Bejtka a,  b, Marco Fontana a,  b, Sara Verhovez a,  b, Adriano Sacco b, Candido Fabrizio Pirri a,  b
a Department of Applied Science and Technology, Politecnico di Torino, Corso Duca degli Abruzzi, 24, 10129 Torino TO, Italy
b Center for Sustainable Future Technologies – CSFT@POLITO, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Via Livorno, 60, 10144 Torino TO, Italy
Materials for Sustainable Development Conference (MATSUS)
Proceedings of MATSUS Fall 2026 Conference (MATSUSFall26)
C1 Multiscale Insights into Solid–Liquid Interfaces for Sustainable Energy Technologies
Palma, Spain, 2026 October 26th - 30th
Organizers: Marco Fontana, Elena Magnano, Silvia Nappini and Francesca Risplendi
Oral, Angelica Chiodoni, presentation 335
Publication date: 22nd July 2026

In the last decade, operando characterization techniques have attracted growing interest, as they allow studying functional materials under realistic working conditions. They have been widely used to investigate catalysts for applications such as electrolysis and fuel cells, and materials for energy storage devices. These techniques deliver key information on structural and morphological characteristics, identify reaction intermediates, and monitor changes in surface chemical composition during operation.

In this work, we explore the coupling of operando Raman spectroscopy with electrochemical liquid-phase transmission electron microscopy (EC-LPTEM).

While EC-LPTEM provides nanoscale visualization of the dynamic morphological evolution of the catalyst, operando Raman spectroscopy probes the chemical state of the catalyst and gives information on the reaction intermediates during electrochemical operation.

We examine the differences in cell designs due to the instrumental constraints and establish a correlation strategy between the two techniques, using CuO nanostructures for the CO2 reduction reaction (CO2RR) as case study. This correlative approach enables a comprehensive analysis of the dynamic evolution of morphological, structural and chemical properties of electrocatalysts under operating conditions.

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