Publication date: 22nd July 2026
In this work, we present a novel light-management strategy to improve the photoelectrochemical performance of BiVO₄ photoanodes by integrating three-dimensional dielectric nanostructures. Specifically, TiO₂ nanocylinders are employed to trap light close to the BiVO₄ absorption edge, increasing the optical path length in the spectral region where absorption is relatively weak. As a result, a 90 nm-thick BiVO₄ photoanode incorporating TiO₂ nanocylinders exhibits a 15% increase in photocurrent compared with an unstructured reference. This enhancement originates from hybrid photonic resonances arising from the interplay between the periodic dielectric array and the Mie resonances supported by the TiO₂ nanocylinders. By tailoring the nanocylinder geometry, we control the spectral position and strength of these resonances, resulting in improved external quantum efficiency and photocurrent. Finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) simulations further reveal how dielectric nanostructures enhance the local electromagnetic field intensity within the BiVO₄ absorber, particularly near the semiconductor/electrolyte interface where photogenerated holes drive the oxygen evolution reaction, providing design guidelines for the design of high-performance photoanodes.
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