Publication date: 22nd July 2026
The interface between semi-transparent perovskite solar cells and C60 is a major bottleneck for wide-bandgap (WBG) p-i-n architectures, where band misalignment drives non-radiative recombination and limits open-circuit voltage and fill factor. Most interfacial passivation strategies reported to date rely on spin-coating, a technique incompatible with industrial manufacturing. This contribution presents a fully scalable, wet-processed passivation strategy based on sequential slot-die coating of ethylenediammonium diiodide (EDAI2) and phenethylammonium chloride (PEACl) at the perovskite/C60 interface. The treatment suppresses interfacial recombination and improves quasi-Fermi level splitting and open-circuit voltage by more than 60 meV relative to non-passivated devices, enabling a champion power conversion efficiency of 18.8% for semi-transparent WBG perovskite solar cells. Crucially, the same passivation chemistry and the same open-air slot-die process used throughout the device stack translate directly to larger formats: semi-transparent modules of 4, 64 and 174 cm² retain active-area efficiencies of 18.7%, 17.2% and 16.3%, respectively, showing that passivation gains obtained at cell scale are preserved upon upscaling. By pairing interfacial passivation with a manufacturing-compatible deposition route, this work offers a practical, scalable strategy for closing the gap between record laboratory efficiencies and industrially relevant semi-transparent perovskite photovoltaics; directly addressing the symposium's focus on interfacial engineering strategies compatible with large-scale fabrication.
This work was supported by the French government in the framework of the program of investments for the future (Programme Investissement d'avenir ANR-IEED-002-01). Y.R and P.D acknowledges the European Union’s Horizon Europe Programme under grant agreement No. 101147311 (LAPERITIVO), V.S.N acknowledges the ANR-BRIGHTSIDE Project (No. AAPG2022). H.E. and P.S. thank the French Agence Nationale de la Recherche (ANR) for funding under the grant ANR-22-PETA-0005 (PEPR TASE IOTA).
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