Proceedings of MATSUS Fall 2026 Conference (MATSUSFall26)
Publication date: 22nd July 2026
Self-assembled monolayer (SAM)-based hole-selective contacts have become an important component of inverted perovskite solar cells. Their molecular design commonly combines an anchoring group, typically phosphonic acid, with a linker and a π-conjugated chromophore. Recent studies indicate that introducing multiple anchoring groups or increasing molecular connectivity can provide some advantages for interfacial organization and charge extraction [1, 2]. Motivated by these developments, we explored Scholl-type oxidative C–C coupling as a simple synthetic strategy for converting phosphonic-acid-based hole-selective molecules into dimeric and oligomeric derivatives.
Two carbazole-based chromophores were investigated: 3-methoxycarbazole and dibenzocarbazole. Oxidative coupling of the 3-methoxycarbazole derivative proceeded selectively through the reactive 6-position, yielding a single dimeric product. In contrast, the dibenzocarbazole derivative underwent further coupling, producing a series of oligomeric species. The corresponding dimer, trimer, and tetramer were separated, and their identities were confirmed by mass spectrometry and NMR spectroscopy.
This approach provides a straightforward route to systematically increase molecular size and the number of anchoring units without requiring a fundamentally different synthetic platform. The synthetic procedures, structural characterization, and evaluation of the resulting materials as hole-selective contacts in perovskite solar cells will be presented. In addition, preliminary experiments exploring in situ oligomerization during interfacial-layer preparation will be discussed.
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