A Robust and General Method for Nanoconfinement of Hybrid Perovskites in Mesoporous Matrices

Osama Alsheikha^a, Fatemeh Haddadi Barzoki^a, Markus Griesbach^b, Christopher Greve^c, Anna Köhler^b, Eva M. Herzig^c, Helen Grüninger^a^,^d

^aInorganic Chemistry III, University of Bayreuth, Universitätsstraße 30, 95447 Bayreuth, Germany

^bExperimental Physics II, University of Bayreuth, Bayreuth 95440, Germany

^cDynamics and Structure Formation - Herzig Group, University of Bayreuth, Germany, Universitätsstraße, 30, Bayreuth, Germany

^dInorganic Chemistry and Bavarian Center for Battery Technology (BayBatt), University of Bayreuth, Universitätsstraße 30, 95447 Bayreuth, Germany.

Proceedings of Perovskite Semiconductors: From Fundamental Properties to Devices (PerFunPro)

Konstanz, Germany, 2025 September 8th - 10th

Organizers: Lukas Schmidt-Mende, Vladimir Dyakonov and Selina Olthof

Poster, Osama Alsheikha, 071
Publication date: 16th July 2025

Hybrid perovskites offer exceptional optoelectronic properties but face environmental instability under air, humidity, light, and heat, limiting their practical use ^[1]. Nanoconfinement within stable mesoporous hosts can enhance stability and enable quantum effects ^[2]. However, controlling uniform infiltration remains challenging due to weak precursor–matrix interactions and restricted mass transport ^[3]. Here, we demonstrate a methylamine (MA) gas loading strategy to enhance the infiltration and crystallinity of halide perovskites within dimensionally and functionally diverse mesoporous matrices, including mesoporous silica, such as SBA-15 (1D) and KIT-6 (3D) with varying pore diameter, as well as mesoporous TiO₂. This approach leverages the reversible phase transformation induced by MA to dissolve and reprecipitate perovskite nanocrystals ^[4], enabling maximum pore filling and uniform dispersion in pores ranging from 6 to 20 nm. Comprehensive characterization via X-ray diffraction (XRD), electron microscopy (TEM), and N₂ physisorption analyses; reveals that the MA loading procedure significantly improves the loading degree of the pores; mandatory for perovskite-perovskite electronic connectivity. Time-resolved photoluminescence reveals extraordinary long charge carrier lifetimes, with a remarkable increase in decay times from ~100 ns up to 300 µs under confinement. This work establishes a robust and scalable method to overcome infiltration bottlenecks in mesoporous hosts, preserving quantum confinement effects, while maximizing active material loading. In this way, the study helps advancing the understanding of perovskite behaviour under spatial confinement and addressing key challenges for mesoporous solar cell architectures.

References:

[1] Gagliardi, A.; Abate, A. Mesoporous Electron-Selective contacts enhance the tolerance to interfacial ion accumulation in perovskite solar cells. ACS Energy Letters 2017, 3 (1), 163–169.

[2] Ball, J. M.; Petrozza, A. Defects in perovskite-halides and their effects in solar cells. Nature Energy 2016, 1 (11).

[3] Malgras, V.; Tominaka, S.; Ryan, J. W.; Henzie, J.; Takei, T.; Ohara, K.; Yamauchi, Y. Observation of quantum confinement in monodisperse methylammonium lead halide perovskite nanocrystals embedded in mesoporous silica. Journal of the American Chemical Society 2016, 138 (42), 13874–13881.

[4] Raga, S. R.; Jiang, Y.; Ono, L. K.; Qi, Y. Application of methylamine gas in fabricating Organic–Inorganic hybrid perovskite solar cells. Energy Technology 2017, 5 (10), 1750–1761.

Acknowledgements:

We thank the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft for funding within project numbers 492723217 (SFB 1585 MultiTrans).

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